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LESLIE DAM, WARWICK, QUEENSLAND. AUSTRALIA

Posted: 20 Jan 2020 09:27 AM PST

LAKE LESLIE TOURIST PARK, WARWICK
Sitting on the banks of the Condamine River, historic Warwick - known for its roses and rodeo - features some of the state's finest original sandstone buildings. Known as the 'Rose and Rodeo Capital', Warwick was settled over 150 years ago and has an interesting history to tell.

Warwick's famous Rose and Rodeo Festival is held on the last weekend in October. Come and see Australia's best rodeo riders compete for their share in the glory. Boasting some of the country's richest prizes, the Rodeo can trace its roots to a professional buck jumping contest of 1857. At the Australian Rodeo Heritage Centre you can explore the tales and memorabilia of rodeo pioneers and champions. Warwick's famous son, Jackie Howe, who still holds the bladeshearing world record set in 1892 for 321 sheep shorn in a day, is recognised with two memorials in Warwick.

Steam train buffs should plan their visit to take a trip on the Southern Downs Steam Railway's "Downs Dasher" C17 Steam Locomotive No. 971 built in 1950. Runs operate monthly from Warwick to Clifton or Wallangarra. Keen anglers can throw a line in the Condamine River, or enjoy shore fishing at Connolly Dam, a short drive south-east of Warwick. Nearby Leslie Dam is a great picnic and swimming spot and is well stocked for shore and boat fishing.




We left the bustle of the city behind as we set off on a three-day weekend at Leslie dam with a Social 4wd Group. We drove along the Border Range Loop. This scenic route took us from Brisbane to Ipswich and across the Great Dividing Range to Warwick before heading to 12 kilometers west to Lake Leslie Tourist Park. The drive encompasses the state's oldest provincial city, one of its most picturesque areas and a World Heritage-listed rainforest reserve. Mountainous views, ancient trees, wildlife, waterfalls and fresh creeks. Sightseeing and a spot of fishing are the order of these three days. Be sure to bring a camera and a spare memory stick to capture the countless points of interest and intrigue along the way.




We unpacked our gear and started exploring the Dam. Leslie Dam was built across the Condamine River to supplement the groundwater supply for irrigating farms along the North Branch of the Condamine River. The dam was named after a pioneer of this area. Patrick Leslie settled here and established a very sizeable station. The sculptures near the Dam Lookout are in memory of Patrick and his wife Kate. The lookout gives way to great views over the lake. All the natural boulders in this area are also interesting. We spent a bit of time letting our puppy (Shari) run loose. We headed back and caught up with everyone at the campfire. Late afternoon was a spectacular sunset.



The next morning we headed in to Warwick CBD, while the others went the tourist train to Clifton for the day. Nestled on the banks of the Condamine River lies the "Rose and Rodeo Capital' of Warwick, and host to the annual October hoedown of Australia's elite bull riders. We took a walk in the main street and ended at the markets in the park. Just before lunch we headed back to the dam for lunch and a spot of fishing. With the dam at 12% you would think the chances of catching some fish would be high.



No luck and no fish, we headed back and joined everyone at the fire for a yarns and drinks.




MIRROR NAILS CZYLI LUSTRZANE PAZNOKCIE KROK PO KROKU I INNE EFEKTY OD PROVOCATER | NEON STARDUST, SEQUIN, OPAL.

Posted: 20 Jan 2020 05:49 AM PST

Lakiery hybrydowe prócz swojej trwałości mają jeszcze jeden plus - można nakładać na nie "magiczne" pyłki, które każdy kolor zmieniają w istne cudo. I w dzisiejszym wpisie pokażę Wam jak krok po kroku zrobić tak modne w tym sezonie lustrzane paznokcie oraz kilka innych efektów, które proponuje marka Provocater. 


Efekt lustra na paznokciach jest niesamowicie efektowny i zaskakujący. Nie jest to perła, ani zwykły, metaliczny manicure. Lustrzane paznokcie przykuwają uwagę wszystkich i za każdym razem, kiedy decyduję się na tego typu mani, to dostaję mnóstwo pytań co to właściwie jest. Wszystko za sprawą jednego pyłku o nazwie Metal Glass od Provocater. Nakładając go na różne kolory lakierów uzyskacie inny efekt, ale gwarantuję Wam, że każdy Was zaskoczy. W dalszej części pokażę jak krok po kroku prawidłowo zrobić lustrzane paznokcie. Dokładnie się przypatrzcie, bo zmieniając kolejność nakładania, zamiast efektu lustra uzyskacie jedynie brokat. Zaczynamy!


CZEGO POTRZEBUJESZ DO WYKONANIA LUSTRZANYCH PAZNOKCI?
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Bloczek polerski (klik), pilnik 100/180 (klik
Odtłuszczacz Cleaner Provocater (klik
waciki bezpyłowe (klik)
Baza Provocater (klik)
Lakier hybrydowy w dowolnym kolorze (u mnie Provocater 41 Pink Whisper klik)
Top No Wipe Provocater (klik)
Efekt Metal Glass  Provocater (klik
Miękki pędzelek
Lampa UV/LED (klik)


KROK 1
Przygotowuję paznokieć do standardowej stylizacji pod lakier hybrydowy czyli wycinam skórki, piłuję i poleruję bloczkiem, a następnie odtłuszczam Cleanerem. Powierzchnia paznokcia powinna być idealnie równa, bez żadnych zadziorków i wybrzuszeń, ponieważ efekt lustra uwydatni wszelkie niedoskonałości. Nakładam bazę i utwardzam w lampie. Następnie dwie warstwy lakieru hybrydowego 41 Pink Whisper od Provocater i każdą utwardzam osobno w lampie.


KROK 2
Nakładam Top No Wipe i utwardzam pod lampą. Musi to być Top bez warstwy dyspersyjnej czyli taki, który nie klei się po wyjęciu spod lampy. Jeśli nałożycie Metal Glass na zwykły Top, to uzyskacie jedynie brokatowy efekt, a nie lustro. 


KROK 3
Po utwardzeniu Top-u zaczynam nanosić pyłek o nazwie Metal Glass od Provocater. Wysypuję trochę z pudełeczka trzymając paznokieć nad wieczkiem i pokrywam dokładnie całą płytkę. 


KROK 4
Delikatnie wcieram pyłek paznokciem okrężnymi ruchami, a resztę pyłku zdmuchuję.


KROK 5
Wszelkie pozostałości pyłku, które utkwiły w szczelinach wymiatam delikatnym pędzelkiem. Pamiętajcie, że do momentu nałożenia Top-u na efekt lustra jeszcze wszystko można poprawić. Jeśli ocenicie, że Metal Glass nie jest zaaplikowany równo, to można go jeszcze usunąć za pomocą Cleanera. 


KROK 6
Nanoszę ostatnią warstwę Top-u No Wipe i utwardzam pod lampą. Należy pamiętać o dokładnym naniesieniu Top-u, uwzględniając boki paznokcia. I gotowe! 


Prócz efektu Metal Glass w ofercie marki Provocater znajdziecie mnóstwo innych pyłków, za pomocą których można wyczarować na paznokciach prawdziwe cuda. Muszę przyznać, że jestem typową sroką i gustuję w takich błyskotkach. Najlepsze w tym wszystkim jest to, że dany pyłek nałożony na różne kolory lakieru da zupełnie inny efekt końcowy. 


Bardzo ciekawą propozycją na lato są pyłki Neon Stardust (trzy pierwsze od lewej). Dodają każdej stylizacji soczystości i niesamowicie podbijają opaleniznę dłoni. Można zaaplikować je na cały paznokieć lub tylko na niewielką część. Moje propozycje stylizacji z udziałem Neon Stardust zobaczycie w dalszej części dzisiejszego wpisu. 


2. Coctail Berry + Metal Glass
4. Blue Lagoon + Stardust 2 nałożony jedynie na końcówkę płytki
5. Coctail Berry + Neon Stardust 1 nałożony jedynie na końcówkę płytki
6. Fun Coral + Stardust 3 nałożony jedynie na końcówkę płytki
7. Pink Whisper + Metal Glass nałożony jedynie na końcówkę płytki


Lustrzane paznokcie to mój ulubiony trend w zdobieniu. Lubię go na wszystkich paznokciach, ale też jako akcent w stylizacji. Wszystkie pokazane efekty oraz lakiery hybrydowe zakupicie na stronie internetowej www.provocater.pl

Dziewczyny, dajcie znać czy macie ochotę na lustrzane paznokcie lub inne błyskotki, które można wykonać pyłkami! Jeśli są jakieś pytania, to służę pomocą :-)

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Snap 👉 hedonistkaaa



DWA SPOSOBY AZJATYCKIEJ PIELĘGNACJI, KTÓRE ZRUJNOWAŁY MOJĄ CERĘ.

Posted: 20 Jan 2020 05:45 AM PST

Moda na azjatycką pielęgnację cery trwa w najlepsze. Nic dziwnego, bo o pięknej skórze Azjatek krążą już legendy. Sama jestem posiadaczką dosyć wymagającej i kapryśnej cery, więc pomyślałam, że wprowadzenie pewnych zmian i podążanie za azjatyckim schematem będzie świetnym pomysłem. I tu się myliłam. Dlaczego? O tym przeczytacie w dalszej części dzisiejszego wpisu.

pielegnacja-cery-kosmetyczna-hedonistka
sekrety-urody-koreanek-charlote-cho

DWUETAPOWE OCZYSZCZANIE
Charlotte Cho w swojej książce pt. "Sekrety urody koreanek" wielokrotnie podkreśla, że najważniejszą kwestią w dbaniu o cerę jest jej dokładne oczyszczenie z makijażu oraz nagromadzonego sebum. Pomysł na dwuetapowe oczyszczanie wydał mi się zatem całkiem rozsądny. Sama dobrze wiem, że kiedy nie zmyję dokładnie swojego makijażu, to na mojej skórze szybko pojawiają się nowe niedoskonałości. Azjatycki demakijaż polega przede wszystkim na tym, aby najpierw użyć olejku (może być rycynowy, kokosowy lub specjalny olej myjący) i wmasować go w skórę tak, aby rozpuścił nasz makijaż. Następnie dodajemy odrobinę wody, aby olej zmienił się w emulsję i dalej masujemy skórę, by na jej powierzchni powstała biała warstwa. Charlotte podkreśla również jak ważny w całym tym procesie jest masaż twarzy, którego nigdy nie powinnyśmy pomijać. Po takim masażu zmywamy olej ze skóry ciepłą wodą i przechodzimy do kolejnego etapu jakim jest użycie kosmetyku na bazie wody np. zwykłego żelu myjącego. W moim przypadku był to żel, którego używam od wielu lat czyli La Roche Posay Effaclar. I tu kolejna, cenna uwaga od Charlotte - kosmetyki myjące, które się pienią są niekoniecznie bardziej skuteczne od tych, które tej piany nie tworzą. Sama jednak nie trafiłam jeszcze na produkt bez piany, który usunął mój makijaż w stu procentach. Dwuetapowe, azjatyckie oczyszczanie stosowałam rano i wieczorem przez 3 dni. Charlotte podkreśla, że poranne oczyszczanie jest równie ważne, ponieważ pozwala pozbyć się nagromadzonego sebum i pozostałości po produktach do nocnej pielęgnacji. 

Dlaczego wytrzymałam tylko 3 dni? Już po pierwszej nocy po zastosowaniu powyższego schematu na mojej skórze zaczęły pojawiać się małe krostki w okolicach czoła. Później było ich już tylko więcej, a stan mojej skóry uległ znacznemu pogorszeniu. Winą obarczam oczywiście olej kokosowy, którego użyłam do pierwszego oczyszczania. Później dałam jeszcze szansę olejowi rycynowemu oraz specjalnemu produktowi od Clinique na bazie oleju, ale niestety - sytuacja znów się powtórzyła. Fakt jest taki, że skóra po dwuetapowym oczyszczaniu jest naprawdę czysta, miękka i ukojona, jednak w moim przypadku był to tylko chwilowy efekt. Teraz wiem już na pewno, że moja alergiczna, wrażliwa i skłonna do powstawania nowych niedoskonałości skóra nie toleruje żadnych olejów w czystej postaci  i choć miałam już takie podejrzenia wcześniej, to ciekawość zwyciężyła. Mimo wszystko cieszę się, że dzięki wprowadzaniu nowych sposobów pielęgnacji jestem w stanie dobrze poznać swoją skórę i uniknąć wielu błędów w przyszłości, co nie zmienia faktu, że po tej "olejowej" przygodzie leczyłam cerę kilka tygodni.

pielegnacja-cery-kosmetyczna-hedonistkacharlotte-cho-sekrety-urody-koreanek

MASECZKI CAŁONOCNE
Maseczki "upiększające" podczas snu tzw. sleeping pack cieszą się w Korei ogromną popularnością. Charlotte Cho w swojej książce podkreśla, że skóra najlepiej regeneruje się właśnie w nocy i to między godziną 22:00, a 4:00 nad ranem. Nigdy nie używałam maseczek na całą noc, ale wizja takiego porządnego, całonocnego odżywienia była bardzo kusząca. Zaopatrzyłam się więc w dwie maseczki typu "sleeping pack". Pierwszą z nich była maska marki Holika Holika Honey Sleeping Pack Acerola Blueberry, która dzięki zawartości miodu i wyciągu z czarnej jagody miała koić wszelkie zmiany zapalne, regulować wydzielanie sebum, zapobiegać powstawaniu nowych niedoskonałości, a ponad to nawilżać i zmiękczać skórę. Drugą maseczką była Missha Super Aqua Ice Tear, o działaniu kojącym, odżywczym i nawilżającym. Niestety obydwie maseczki mnie zawiodły. Miałam wrażenie, że po ich użyciu moja skóra jeszcze bardziej się przetłuszczała i takie całonocne maseczkowanie to dla niej zbyt wiele. Skóra o poranku była bardzo tłusta, lekko zaczerwieniona i swędząca. Poza tym po dwóch tygodniach takiego maseczkowania pojawiło się na niej mnóstwo zaskórników, których tak naprawdę pozbywam się do dziś. Aby moja cera była dostatecznie nawilżona i ukojona wystarczy jej zwykły krem na noc, a całonocne maseczkowanie ją ewidentnie przerosło. Niepotrzebnie kombinowałam, ale w moim przypadku zawsze wygrywa ciekawość. 

Muszę przyznać, że książkę "Sekrety urody Koreanek" przeczytałam jednym tchem i to z bardzo dużym zaciekawieniem. Dzięki niej do mojej rutynowej pielęgnacji weszły takie produkty jak esencje, toniki i maseczki w płachcie. Jeszcze bardziej doceniłam też moc złuszczania kwasami. Książka w prosty, a czasem nawet zabawny sposób motywuje do systematycznego dbania o swoją skórę. Dzięki kilku prostym radom nie będziemy robić tego po omacku i być może stanie się to dla nas nawet przyjemnością. Mimo wszystko musimy zwrócić uwagę na to, że Azjatki żyją w nieco innym klimacie, więc ich skóra może mieć też inne potrzeby. W mojej pielęgnacyjnej kosmetyczce znajduje się mnóstwo azjatyckich produktów, o których niedługo Wam napiszę, ale całonocnym maseczkom i olejom do demakijażu mówię nie.


Dziewczyny, dacie znać czy próbowałyście azjatyckich sposobów na piękną cerę i jak to się u Was sprawdziło. Czy w Waszej kosmetyczce są jakieś koreańskie produkty? 


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Snap 👉 hedonistkaaa




Castle Greyhawk: Chapter 1 Full

Posted: 20 Jan 2020 05:28 AM PST

Hey Greyhawk fans. As you may know I've been doing a Castle Greyhawk webcomic with co-creator Scott Casper for several years. Well as many have already seen over at the main site, we have finally got the first chapter collected into one PDF download! Read at your leisure now. Go back from the start and enjoy the adventures of Tenser and Ehlissa.

DOWNLOAD CHAPTER ONE HERE

Zimbabwe Shouldn&t Be Printing Banknotes Again

Posted: 20 Jan 2020 03:44 AM PST

A Zimbabwean washes U.S. dollars, from NPR Planet Money

Here's a surprising development.

Zimbabwe, a dollarized nation, is on the verge of issuing its own $2, $5, $10, and $20 banknotes. Here is is the central bank's press release. Let's back up a bit. Zimbabwe suffered one of the worst hyperinflations in history during the 2000s thanks to awful policies by the government. Citizens were so fed up that they spontaneously dropped the Zimbabwe dollar in late 2009, the U.S. dollar being recruited as media of exchange and unit of account and the South African rand serving a backup role as small change.

Since then the rand has been steadily moving to the background in Zimbabwe monetary affairs:

Currency utilization levels in Zimbabwe [source]

Another change is that last year Zimbabwe re-entered the world of monetary production by minting its own 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cent coins, otherwise known as bond coins. At the time I was in favor of bond coins because Zimbabwe was following the blueprint set by dollarized nations like Panama and Ecuador. These nations mint their own small change to complement Federal Reserve-printed dollar banknotes, and for good reason. Coins are heavy while not being particularly valuable, which means that shipping costs are prohibitive. As a result, local banks prefer to import paper dollars, the ensuing coin shortages that develop making it difficult for locals to engage in basic transactions.

While I was a fan of bond coins, I don't like the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's decision to print bond notes. It departs from the dollarization blueprint--neither Panama nor Ecuador (or any other dollarized nation that I know of) have chosen to get into the business of printing notes. Panama in particular is a highly successful dollarized nations, so if Zimbabwe wants to depart from the Panama model one would expect it to have a very good reason for doing so.

John Mangudya, head of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, says that he wants to get back into the note-printing game thanks to a "shortage of U.S. dollars" that seems to be bedeviling the nation. Since March, line-ups have developed at ATMs all over the country as people try to withdraw U.S. dollar cash. This is true, the local press is full of articles on banking queues. Strict limits have been placed on the amount of cash that Zimbabweans can withdraw from their accounts.

I'm skeptical of Mangudya's dollar shortage story. There is a very simple process whereby a dollar shortage in a dollarized nation is remedied. Zimbabwean farmers, desperate to get their hands on U.S. dollars, will reduce their selling prices for tobacco and cotton, two important cash crops with flexible prices. Gold miners will do the same. The moment Zimbabwean crop and gold prices fall below the international price arbitrageurs will bring dollars into Zimbabwe to buy cheap these goods for shipment overseas. Since cash crystallizes a large amount of value in a small volume, handling costs are very low--unlike coins. Domestic commodity prices need only deviate by a small wedge from the international price before arbitrage is profitable and U.S. paper currency flows back into the country. Unless the government is interfering with this process, I can't see it taking more than a week or two for markets to rectify a dollar shortage.

Zimbabwean authorities are notorious for tampering with Zimbabwean industry--this may be short-circuiting the simple process I've just described. If so, why introduce bond notes to fix the problem when the underlying cause is silly government rules preventing cross-border markets from functioning?

On the other hand, if the government hasn't been preventing this process from playing out then Zimbabwe doesn't have a genuine dollar shortage. Lineups at ATMs may simply be the result of an insolvent banking system. Zimbabwe is currently battling a slowdown in growth as commodity prices fall. The U.S. dollar's  rise over the last year or two has reduced the nation's competitiveness. This slowdown may be taking a toll on banks. However, wads of newly-imported U.S. dollar bills or freshly-printed bond notes can't fix a sick banking system.

So Mangudya's reason for departing from the Panama model seems like a poor one to me, one made worse by the fact that the same nutcase who destroyed Zimbabwe's monetary infrastructure in the previous decade, Robert Mugabe, remains in power. Bond coins were one thing, but bond notes give Mugabe much more latitude to engage in monetary mischief.

How much mischief? Many Zimbabweans are worried that the introduction of bond notes will bring about a repeat of the hyperinflationary 2000s. I'm not as worried as them. The U.S. dollar not only circulates as Zimbabwe's medium of exchange but also serves as its unit of account. The fact that prices across the nation are expressed in terms of the dollar affords Zimbabweans a significant degree of protection from Mugabe.  If bond notes are to be introduced, they may very well circulate along with U.S. dollars as a medium of exchange but they will not take over the unit of account role. A nation's unit of account, like its language or its religion, is a set of rules and standards that, once adopted, is not easily changed. In the same way that society is locked-in to using the QWERTY keyboard, it gets yoked to using a certain language of prices.

This means that if the bond note turns out to be a sham and begins to inflate, Zimbabwean prices--expressed in U.S. dollars--will stay constant. Instead, the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and bond notes will bear the burden of adjustment, bond notes falling to a discount to dollars. Because this leaves the price level unaffected, the process of adjusting to a bond note collapse would be far less burdensome to Zimbabweans than the hyperinflation of the 2000s. The move might even backfire and cause Mugabe significant embarrassment since a bond note discount could not be blamed on anything other than his own incompetence.

Even if the bond notes can never do as much damage as Zimbabwe dollars did in the previous decade, the fact remains that there is no rational for issuing them. Let the market work its magic as it does in Panama and solve any cash shortage problems. The decision to return to paper money is a particularly insensitive one given the fact that many citizens' livelihoods were destroyed by Mugabe's Zimbabwe dollar hyperinflation. Zimbabweans are right to be upset over the bond note; it's a shame that Mangudya, having so ably brought the bond coin idea to fruition, is now promoting a regressive idea.      

What happens when a central bank splits in two

Posted: 20 Jan 2020 03:42 AM PST


Say the San Francisco Fed decided to secede from the Federal Reserve System or the Bank of Greece started to print its own euro notes without the consent of the Eurosystem. What happens to a nation's currency when the central bank is split into parts? There is a possibility we might be seeing such a situation developing in Libya with the emergence of two different Libyan dinars.

Libya's political scene is ridiculously complicated so I'll paint the picture in broad brush strokes. The Central Bank of Libya has several offices, the two relevant ones being the western one in Tripoli and the eastern one in Bayda. Prior to the Arab spring, each area was under the control of the Gaddafi government but both have since come under the control of competing regimes. Tripoli is run by the U.S.-backed Government of National Accord (GNA) while Bayda is under the control of the Tobruk-based House of Representatives.

As I understand it, over the last few years of strife the two offices have usually been able to work together despite being under different regimes.Yesterday, however, the Bayda branch announced that it would be putting new 20 and 50 dinar denomination notes into circulation. Both the Tripoli government and their U.S. backers quickly declared that the new issue was illegitimate. The U.S. Embassy's statement on Facebook said that "the United States concurs with the Presidency Council's view that such banknotes would be counterfeit and could undermine confidence in Libya's currency and the CBL's ability to manage monetary policy to enable economic recovery."

This brings up an interesting conundrum. Say the Bayda branch of the Central Bank of Libya starts to spend the new 'counterfeit' dinars and the U.S.-backed Tripoli branch refuses to recognize them. Will the public accept the new issue of Bayda dinars, and if so, at what rate will the notes trade relative to Tripoli's notes? Could Libya end up with two different dinar currencies?

Were the two note issues identical, it would be impossible for Libyans to discriminate between them. They'd happily accept the new notes and all dinars would continue to be fungible. But this doesn't seem to be the case. Unlike Libya's legacy note issue, which was printed by De La Rue in the U.K., the Bayda branch's new dinars are printed by Goznak in Russia. Apparently Goznak has used different watermarks and a horizontal serial number rather than a vertical one. Most importantly, the new notes bear the signature of the head of the Bayda office while the old notes have the Tripoli branch's chief on them.

If it does not recognize Bayda's 'counterfeit' notes as its liability, the Tripoli branch voids its responsibility to buy them back in order to maintain their value, effectively walling off its resources from the Bayda branch. These resources include any foreign reserves it might have, U.S. financial backing, and financial support from the local regime. And without any guarantee that those notes will have a positive value, the public—which can easily differentiate between the two bits of paper—may simply refuse to accept Bayda dinars at the outset when the Bayda branch tries to spend them into circulation. Long live the Tripoli dinar.

The Bayda branch might try to promote the introduction of Baydar dinars by pegging them at a 1:1 rate to existing Tripoli dinars. This is how the euro, for instance, was kickstarted. But that peg will be tested. Libyans will bring Bayda dinars to the Bayda branch to exchange for Tripoli dinars. If the branch runs out of Tripoli banknotes, it will have to buy more of them in the open market to maintain the peg, but with what? If it lacks the resources to buy them, the peg will be lost and Bayda dinars will fall to zero, or to a very large discount.

But the Bayda branch isn't without its own resources. First, it has the financial support of the local regime. Furthermore, according to this surreal article there is a vault in Bayda that contains 300,000 gold and silver sovereigns minted in honour of the late Colonel Gaddafi, worth nearly £125 million. The Bayda branch doesn't know the combination and Tripoli refuses to provide it. If the safecrackers that the Bayda branch has hired are able to get in, that amount will provide it with enough firepower to buy back Bayda dinars and help support the peg. In which case the two notes would circulate concurrently and be fungible.

If two dinars emerge, which central bank would control monetary policy? That depends on which brand of dinar Libyans choose to express prices and debts. As long as the existing Tripoli dinar is the medium of account—the physical object that people use as the definition of the dinar unit ل.د.—then any policy change adopted by Tripoli's central bankers will be transmitted to the entire Libyan price level, both the east and west. Usage of Tripoli dinars rather than Bayda dollars for pricing is likely to prevail for the same reason we all use QWERTY keyboards when better alternatives exist, force of habit is difficult to overcome. Even if Bayda dollars do emerge as a medium of account, as long as they are pegged to the Tripoli dollar, then Tripoli still gets to call the shots.

The situation isn't resolved yet—the Tripoli branch could very well accept Bayda dinars as its liability, thus defusing the situation. In any case, it will be interesting to follow. Incidentally, Libya's situation reminds me of one of the ideas put forth during the 2015 Greek crisis; a secession of the Bank of Greece from the Eurosystem so that Greeks could print their own type of euro. If Greece boils over again and the separation idea pops up, Libya may serve as a reference point.

Dibujos Para Lenguaje Y Literatura

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 02:29 PM PST

Lengua castellana y literatura no es solo una materia que los estudiantes de primaria deberan aprobar para pasar de curso sino que es un conjunto de lecciones que resultaran fundamentales durante el resto de la vida. La web de antonia ortega.
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Un lenguaje del provenzal lenguatge 1 y del latin lingua es un sistema de comunicacion estructurado para el que existe un contexto de uso y ciertos principios combinatorios formales.


Poesia Actual En Espanol Poesia Moderna Para Siempre Babelia El

Dibujos para lenguaje y literatura. Prepara tus varitas magicas de colores y todo lo demas que necesites para dar vida a los magos y brujas de estas ilustraciones. En este blog podran encontrar recursos gratuitos. La doctora ma dolores maruees aviles es logopeda y lleva el proyecto del blog logopedia y educacion. Asi podras presentar tus trabajos de una forma muy bonita y muy bien presentable. La literatura comparada 1 es quizas el campo mas influyente de la comparatistica y un sector metodologico distintivo de la filologia y su serie disciplinar ciencia de la literatura esto es de la historia de la literatura la teoria literaria y la critica literaria. Ademas se podran plantear dudas a. Te mostramos estas hermosas portadas y caratulas para cuadernos o trabajos de jardin escuela secundaria instituto o universidad. Envianos por favor las adivinanzas de tu abuela los trabalenguas mas dificiles que te sepas las letras de las canciones de comba y corro con las que juegas acertijos cuentos populares poesias para ninos juegos de palabras y cualquier otra cosa que te parezca interesante y que quieras compartir con otros ninos. Nueva ficha de trabajo con problemas para alumnos de 2o y 3o de primaria enviados por sabina cleofe arce gonzalez maestra de 2o de primaria en la institucion educativa octavio mongrut giraldo n0 80405 de la ciudad de pacasmayo en la region la libertad en peru. Articulos actividades de distinta indole material dedicado para rehabilitacion del lenguaje tanto en ninos como en adultos fichas en ingles etc. Seguro que gracias a tu ayuda podran hacer los encantamientos y hechizos mas impresionantes. El lenguaje es el sistema a traves del cual el hombre o los animales comunican sus ideas y sentimientos ya sea a traves del habla la escritura u otros signos convencionales pudiendo utilizar todos los sentidos para comunicar. Interesantes programas gratuitos de ordenador para descargar y fichas para imprimir que una madre ha elaborado para su hijo.




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2020 Mazda CX-30 officially launched in Malaysia – three CBU variants; AEB and MRCC; from RM143k

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 02:25 PM PST









At long last, Bermaz Motor has officially launched the Mazda CX-30 in Malaysia, which slots in between the CX-3 and CX-5 in the company's SUV line-up. As reported previously, customers will be able to choose from three fully-imported (CBU) variants, including two with petrol engines and a sole diesel offering.



Starting with the petrol options first, both the base 2.0G and mid-range 2.0G High are powered by a SkyActiv-G 2.0 litre naturally-aspirated, direct-injection four-cylinder petrol engine that makes 163 hp at 6,000 rpm and 213 Nm of torque at 4,000 rpm. With this engine, the top speed is 196 km/h, while the rated fuel consumption is 6.4 l/100 km.



The only diesel variant is known as the 1.8D High, and features a SkyActiv-D 1.8 litre four-cylinder turbodiesel with 114 hp at 4,000 rpm and 270 Nm from 1,600 to 2,700 rpm; the top speed is 183 km/h and rated fuel consumption is 4.9 l/100 km. All engines are mated to a SkyActiv-Drive six-speed automatic transmission, with drive going to the front wheels. Mazda's G-Vectoring Control Plus (GVC Plus) comes standard cross the range as well.



In terms of kit, the 2.0G comes with 16-inch alloy wheels, auto-levelling LED headlamps, keyless start, a windshield-projected head-up display, manual air-conditioning, fabric upholstery, silver dashboard trim, manually-operated front seats, i-Stop idling technology and a reverse camera.







Also standard is the Mazda Connect infotainment system, which is linked to an 8.8-inch display and eight speakers, with Commander Control and support for Android Auto and Apple CarPlay.



Meanwhile, the 2.0G High and 1.8D High – which share the same equipment set – gain an automatic high beam function and signature illumination for the headlamps, along with larger 18-inch alloys. Other improvements include keyless entry, a powered tailgate, a powered sunroof and parking sensors (four front, six rear).



As for the interior, both the higher-spec CX-30 variants come with dual-zone automatic climate control with rear vents, leather upholstery, a 10-way powered driver's seat with two-position memory function as well as paddle shifters.



On the safety side of things, all variants come with seven airbags (front, side, curtain and driver's knee), ABS, DSC, EBD, brake assist, traction control, Hill Launch Assist, an auto hold function for the electronic parking brake, and Isofix child seat anchors for the rear outer seats.







Mazda's i-Activsense suite of safety and driver assistance systems is also present, but can only be had with the 2.0G High and 1.8D High. The list of systems include Adaptive Front-Lighting System (AFS), High Beam Control (HBC), Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM), Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS), Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA), Driver Attention Alert (DAA), Smart City Brake Support (front and rear) and Mazda Radar Cruise Control (MRCC).



Pricing-wise, the 2.0G retails at RM143,059 on-the-road without insurance, the 2.0G High at RM164,059, while the 1.8D High goes for RM172,943.60. Included is a five-year/100,000 km manufacturer-backed warranty and a five-year free maintenance package.



Buyers will get to choose from eight colours, including Soul Red Crystal, Machine Grey, Titanium Flash, Jet Black, Deep Crystal Blue, Sonic Silver, Snowflake White Pearl and Polymetal Grey Metallic. Find full specifications of the new Mazda CX-30 on CarBase.my.







GALLERY: 2020 Mazda CX-30 1.8D High





GALLERY: 2020 Mazda CX-30 2.0G High





GALLERY: 2020 Mazda CX-30 2.0G












From ancient electrum to modern currency baskets (with a quick detour through symmetallism)

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 12:54 PM PST

Electrum coins [source]

First proposed by economist Alfred Marshall in the late 19th century as an alternative metallic standard to the gold, silver and bimetallic standards, symmetallism was widely debated at the time but never adopted. Marshall's idea amounted to fusing together fixed quantities of silver and gold in the same coin rather than striking separate gold and/or silver coins. Symmetallism is actually one of the world's oldest monetary standards. In the seventh century B.C., the kingdom of Lydia struck the first coins out of electrum, a naturally occurring mix of gold and silver. Electrum coins are captured in the above photo.

While symmetallism is an archaic concept, it has at least some relevance to today's world. Modern currencies that are pegged to the dollar (like the Hong Kong dollar) act very much like currencies on a gold standard, the dollar filling in for the role of gold. A shift from a dollar peg to one involving a basket of other currencies amounts to the adoption of a modern version of Marshall's symmetallic standard, the euro/yen/etc playing the role of electrum.

The most recent of these shifts has occurred with China, which late last year said it would be measuring the renminbi against a trade-weighted basket of 13 currencies rather than just the U.S. dollar. Thus many of the same issues that were at stake back at the turn of the 19th century when Marshall dreamt up the idea of symmetallism are relevant today.

So what exactly is symmetallism? In the late 1800s, the dominant monetary debate concerned the relative merits of the gold standard and its alternatives, the best known of which was a bimetallic standard. The western world, which was mostly on a gold standard back then, had experienced a steady deflation in prices since 1875. This "cross of gold" was damaging to debtors; they had to settle with a higher real quantity of currency. The reintroduction of silver as legal tender would mean that debts could be paid off with a lower real amount of resources. No wonder the debtor class was a strong proponent of bimetallism.

There was more to the debate than mere class interests. As long as prices and wages were rigid, insufficient supplies of gold in the face of strong gold demand might aggravate business cycle downturns. For this reason, leading economists of the day like Alfred Marshall, Leon Walras, and Irving Fisher mostly agreed that a bimetallic standard was superior to either a silver standard or a gold standard. (And a hundred or so years later, Milton Friedman would come to the same conclusion.)

The advantage of a bimetallic standard is that the price level is held hostage to not just one precious metal but two; silver and gold. This means that bimetallism is likely to be less fickle than a monometallic standard. As Irving Fisher said: "Bimetallism spreads the effect of any single fluctuation over the combined gold and silver markets."  Thus if the late 1800s standard had been moved from a gold basis to a bimetallic one, the stock of monetary material would have grown to include silver, thus 'venting' deflationary pressures.

Despite these benefits, everyone admitted that classical bimetallism had a major weakness; eventually it ran into Gresham's law. Under bimetallism, the mint advertised how many coins that it would fabricate out of pound of silver or gold, in effect setting a rate between the two metals. If the mint's rate differed too much from the market rate, no one would bring the undervalued metal (say silver) to the mint, preferring to hoard it or export it overseas where it was properly valued. The result would be small denomination silver coin shortages, which complicated trade. What had started out as a bimetallic standard thus degenerated into an unofficial gold standard (or a silver one) so that once again the nation's price level was held hostage to just one metal.

The genius of Alfred Marshall's symmetallic standard was that it salvaged the benefits of a bimetallic standard from Gresham's law. Instead of defining the pound as either a fixed quantity of gold or silver, the pound was to be defined as a fixed quantity of gold twinned with a fixed quantity of silver, or as electrum. Thus a £1 note or token coin would be exchangeable at the Bank of England not for, say, 113 grains of gold, but for 56 grains of gold together with twenty or so times as many grains of silver. The number of silver and gold grains in each pound would be fixed indefinitely when the standard was introduced.

Because symmetallism fuses gold and silver into super-commodity, the monetary authority no longer sets the price ratio between the two metals. Gresham's law, which afflicts any bimetallic system when one of the two metals is artificially undervalued, was no longer free to operate. At the same time, the quantity of metal recruited into monetary purposes was much larger and more diverse than under a monometallic standard, thus reducing the effect of fluctuations in the precious metals market on aggregate demand.

While symmetallism was an elegant solution, Alfred Marshall was lukewarm to his own idea, noting that "it is with great diffidence that I suggest an alternative bimetallic scheme." To achieve a stable price level, Marshall preferred a complete separation of the unit of account, the pound, from the media of exchange, notes and coins. This was called a tabular standard, a system earlier proposed by William Stanley Jevons. The idea went nowhere, however; the only nation I know that has implemented such a standard is Chile. As for Fisher, he proposed his own compensated dollar standard plan, which I described here.

The urgency to adopt a new standard diminished as gold discoveries in South Africa and the Yukon spurred production higher, thus reducing deflationary pressures. None of these exotic plans—Marshall's symmetallism, Jevons tabular standard, or Fisher's compensated dollar—would ever be adopted. Rather, the world kept on limping forward under various forms of the gold standard. This standard would be progressively modified through the years in order to conserve on the necessity for gold, first by removing gold coin from circulation and substituting convertibility into gold bars (a gold bullion standard) and then having one (or two) nations take on the task of maintaining gold convertibility while the remaining nations pegged to that nation's currency (a gold exchange standard).

---

Let's bring this back to the present. In the same way that conditions in the gold market caused deflation among gold standard countries in the late 1800s, the huge rise in the U.S. dollar over the last few years has tightened monetary conditions in all those nations that peg their currency to the dollar. To cope, many of these countries have devalued their currencies, a development that Lars Christensen has called an 'unraveling of the dollar bloc.'

A more lasting alternative to re-rating a U.S. dollar peg might be to create a fiat version of electrum; mix the U.S. dollar with other currencies like the euro and yen to create a currency basket and peg to this basket. China, which has been the most important member of the dollar bloc, has turned to the modern version of symmetallism by placing less emphasis on pegging to the U.S. dollar and more emphasis on measuring the yuan against a trade-weighted basket of currencies. This means that where before China had a strictly made-in-the U.S. monetary policy, its price level is now determined by more diverse forces. Better to put your eggs in two or three baskets than just one.

Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates are also members of the dollar bloc. Kuwait, however, links its dinar to a basket of currencies, a policy it adopted in 2007 to cope with the inflationary fallout from the weakening U.S. dollar. In an FT article from April entitled Kuwaiti currency basket yield benefits, the point is made that Kuwait has enjoyed a more flexible monetary policy than its neighbours over the recent period of U.S. dollar strength. Look for the other GCC countries to mull over Kuwaiti-style electrum if the U.S. dollar, currently in holding pattern, starts to rise again.

Modern day electrum can get downright exotic. Jeffrey Frankel, for instance, has suggested including commodities among the basket of fiat currencies, specifically oil in the case of the GCC nations. Such a basket would allow oil producing countries to better weather commodity shocks than if they remained on their dollar pegs. If you want to pursue these ideas further, wander over to Lars Christensen's blog where Frankel's peg the export price plan is a regular subject of conversation.

FRANCE-FRENCH RIVIERA-EZE, MONACO TO NICE

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 12:53 PM PST







We had an early start to the morning for the journey northwest with views of the Italian Riviera. We continued to France for a visit to a Perfume Workshop in Eze before travelling along the celebrated Cote d'Azur onto an overnighter in Nice.  That night we took an optional Monte Carlo by Night excursion with dinner.



No, Monaco is not as expensive as you may think.  Some of you may be contemplating a trip to Monaco in the near future but have this impression of the Principality as a place where you cannot get by with under 1.000€ per day. Naturally, if you do have the desire to spend that amount, you can easily find hundreds of exotic ways of getting rid of large sums of money in a couple of minutes!



The good news is that Monaco is also a place where normal people, not just multi-millionaires, live and work, and that there are therefore plenty of ways for the common of mortals to have a wonderful sample of what the country can offer on a very reasonable budget.  Monaco isn't a very large place but getting around on foot can be quite tiring after a while due to the very uneven terrain and the heat in the summer.



We started late afternoon in the heart of Monaco, Old Town, has been meticulously preserved over the centuries and welcomes visitors to meander down in its narrow, well-lit streets while gazing at old medieval houses and vaulted passageways. We pasted many wonderful attractions located in this area including the Place Saint Nicolas, the Chapelle de la Paix, and the façade of the Law Courts. The Saint-Martin Gardens was the perfect place to take a break from the steep climb and we enjoyed breath-taking views of the sea. Also located here were a plethora of little souvenir and pastry shops and restaurants. After dinner we passed by  the Prince's Palace of Monaco, the current and official residence of the Prince of Monaco (and also where Princess Grace lived).  It's best to do this early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds but if you have no choice, do it anyway, it's worth it.  You can always stand in the sunshine on Palace Square and watch the changing of the guard ceremony with all the crowds if you enjoy that kind of thing, every day at 11.55am sharp..



We then checked out the luxury cars in front of the Casino and the Hotel de Paris on Casino square, and explored the lush casino gardens and wandered through the marble alleyways of the Metropole shopping centre. We Enjoyed the great views over the whole of Monaco from the Casino terraces just behind (basically the roof garden of the Fairmont hotel), probably my favourite view of the whole of Monaco.




We jumped back on the bus and headed back to the hotel in Nice.  I left Kim sleep the long day off and grabbed my camera and ventured out late to check out a little of Nice There's something about being out and about after dark with a camera in France that I really like. The French are artists with facades, trees, and floodlighting. Nice's old town artfully mixes the character of Italy (it was Italian until 1860) and France (elegant dining and a general affluence). In researching our guidebook, the selection of great-value restaurants was abundant. Back to the hotel for a couple of hours sleep I managed to get out very early to capture the sunrise before breakfast. Would love to pencil in Nice again.

Check out our tour video here:

https://youtu.be/gDLKmeXYd3g


"Never go on trips with anyone you do not love."


Gigi Hadid in black and yellow track pants and jacket in NYC on December 16

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 12:52 PM PST

Gigi Hadid in black and yellow tracksuit from polo ralph lauren. Off duty outfit december 16

Gigi Hadid in New York on December 16 2019

WHAT SHE WORE: Gigi wore black and yellow track jacket from Polo Ralph Lauren, black and yellow track pants from Polo Ralph Lauren and white Reebok sneakers

BUY:



PHOTO: ©GETTY/GOTHAM

LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA. AUSTRALIA

Posted: 19 Jan 2020 12:51 PM PST






From Hobart we jumped on the bus and headed 198km north to Launceston. Launceston is Tasmania's second largest city and one of Australia's oldest.  Launceston and the surrounding Tamar Valley is a great area to add to your Tasmanian itinerary. We arrived late afternoon and Kim's Cousins home and got to meet everyone that night with a New Years barbeque.

A new day of exploring, Kim's cousins decided to show us around the first day, we all jumped in three cars and took a 40 minute drive up the west side of the Tamar Valley, taking in the river frontage road to Beaconsfield, which is a gold-mining town in the heart of the Tamar Valley Wine Region with a past tinged with stories of gold, wealth and survival. Located on the western banks of the Tamar River, Beaconsfield was once Tasmania's richest gold town with a mining heritage that continues today.

The local Mine and Heritage Centre shares the tools of the trade, the stories of the past and reflects on the 2006 mining disaster when two miners were trapped one kilometre underground for 14 days after a dramatic rock fall. The exhibit includes a breath-shortening multi-sensory simulation of the 2006 disaster.


We jumped back in the cars and passed through George Town, on the banks of the Tamar River. George Town being Australia's third-oldest settlement after Sydney and Hobart and has a rich maritime past and industrial present. Surrounded by vineyards, orchards, berry and lavender farms, George Town has a long maritime history and many stories to tell.

A little more up the road we hit the Low Heads Lighthouse, on the east side of the mouth of the Tamar River, which was the third lighthouse to be constructed in Australia. The small hamlet of Low Head at the head of the Tamar River on Bass Strait was first established as a pilot station in 1805 to guide ships into the mouth of the Tamar River. Today, it's Australia's oldest still operating pilot station.  We returned back just after lunch, the girls went into the CBD for a bit of shopping while I chilled out with some afternoon beers.
The next day the sun greeted us, we were given a car to borrow, so we drove to Lanceston's Cataract Gorge, which is a natural phenomenon just a stone's throw from the CBD. On arrival you are greeted firstly with the Basin Chairlift, which links the Cliff Grounds of the Cataract Gorge Reserve with the First Basin. The central span is the world's longest chairlift span of 308 metres. Then you see a swimming pool and finally the Alexander Suspension Bridge over the South Esk River. The central and surely main feature, the Gorge is almost lost by all the sideshow features, especially the swimming pool. We decided to go on the chairlift and it was only when we were on the way and our chair passed over the roof of the cafeteria the ground simply disappeared.
There are numerous walks in the Gorge area and the sun was still shining, so we decided to give a couple of them a test run. We started with a steep walk to "Eagle Eerie Lookout" and from this position we could see across the Gorge and down to the City in the background. From here it was a short walk to the "Alexander Lookout", and then down to the "Alexander Suspension Bridge", which is just wide enough for 2 people to pass. Still having a couple of hours on our parking meter, we decided to do "The Basin and Cataract" walk, which is a really worthwhile walk along a boardwalk type structure attached to the cliff face, which starts at The Gorge and finishes at Kings Bridge in Launceston town. Having completed this we decide to return on the opposite side of the Gorge along a walk called "Zigzag Walk.  Starting at the base of the mountain, the first 10kms were up, it felt like 1km, but it was a killer.
Once we reached the top, there was lookout over the Gorge which gives you the most amazing view all the way back to the Cataract Gorge. The track then zigzags all the way down to the car park and the end, thankfully. Much more of this and we'll be growing horns and turning into billy goats. We later worked out that we must have walked around 8kms during the course of the day.
The next day our first stop was James Boag's Brewery, with a 1.5hr brewery tour and beer tasting. Then we took a drive to Waterfront Tavern, which is Australia's oldest Tavern.



On the road again we dropped into Josef Chromy Wines, arguably Tasmania's most spectacular vineyard setting. We were introduced to a great range of Tasmanian wines, including a selection of Sparkling wines, Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, and finished our tasting with a superb fortified Ruby Pinot.

Next we took the opportunity to try some of Tasmania's best Cider. Dickens Cider is a boutique cidery making a good selection of English style ciders. Tasmania is renowned for its fresh apples so the team at Dickens Cider brought the use of Tasmanian apples to another level. Kim tickled her taste buds with tastings of Scrumpy, Old English Cider and Cider Rose.


To finish the day, we were introduced to various ales claiming their origin from pre-historic times. Lindsay Bourke is the Master Brewer at Taverners Boutique Brewery, now established in Australia for over 25 years. The basic beverage is an alcoholic drink derived by the fermentation of honey by yeast. We sampled the Taverners great award winning selection of Honey Pale Ale, Honey Mead Ale, Strong Mead Ale, Honey Porter and Dessert Honey Mead, then head home late afternoon.



Today we navigated to Devonport, the heartbeat of the north-west coast of Tasmania. On our way we stopped at Christmas Hills Raspberry Farms and Anvers Chocolates so Kim could sample sweet delights produced in the area. We enjoyed the drive north-west through the iconic Tasmanian landscape dotted with a variety of flora. Devonport is Tasmania's third largest city and the home of the Spirit of Tasmania car ferries. If you are bringing your own car over from the mainland, Devonport will be your first port of call. The maritime was full of attractions, from the spectacular 'Bluff' headland with its aboriginal carvings and Aboriginal Culture Centre to the Don Railway and Devonport Maritime Museum & Heritage Centre. Devonport is also bursting with unique boutiques and specialty shops making it a shopper's paradise for Kim. On the way back to Launceston as a novelty we dropped into Bell's Parade, Latrobe which is the site of the Australian Axeman's Hall of Fame and Timberworks.


The Australian Axeman's Hall of Fame and Timberworks is the first national museum dedicated to this aspect of our colonial history. The museum displays the harvesting, milling and building techniques of our early pioneers. It also celebrate the greats of woodchopping and sawing, include photographs, trophies, championship axes, the Foster Experience and other interesting memorabilia. After killing some time we headed back home.
The next day we got up early for some market runs. We headed to the heart of the Tamar Valley, to the Harvest Launceston Community Farmers' Market in quiet inner city car park and brings the farm gate to you. We then jumped back in the car and headed to the Evandale Sunday Markets. We made it back for lunch and a change of clothes we then took a Cruise aboard the Tamar Cruises into the magical Cataract Gorge and through Launceston's riverfront precinct. We headed north past Tamar Island and experienced the variety of life as we cruised past charming riverfront communities, vineyards and farms to the historical Rosevears and Windermere districts exploring the history of the St Mathias Church and Rosevears Tavern.


Second last day in Launceston we all jumped in three cars again and headed to Bridport, which is north-east of Launceston and is a popular beachside holiday destination overlooking Anderson Bay. Surrounded by bushland reserves, white sand and the sloping vines of Pipers Brook wineries, Bridport is an ideal place to relax. We walked and the beach and chilled for the day and headed back late afternoon and the next day jumped on the plane back to Brissy.